Piles
are swollen veins in the anal canal. This
common problem can be painful, but it's usually not serious.
About
10 million Americans suffer from hemorrhoids, which are swollen veins in the
rectum or around the anus. External hemorrhoids more commonly cause symptoms of
pain and itching when irritated. Internal hemorrhoids generally are painless
but can cause bleeding. "They can cause bright red rectal bleeding, but if
you have bleeding, don't assume it's hemorrhoids," says Patricia Raymond,
MD, of Chesapeake, Va. Colorectal cancer can also cause rectal bleeding, so you
need to see your doctor to rule out cancer or other serious causes of rectal
bleeding.
Related to Piles
Veins
can swell inside the anal canal to form internal hemorrhoids. Or they
can swell near the opening of the anus to form external
hemorrhoids. You can have both types at the same time. The symptoms and
treatment depend on which type you have.
Many
people have hemorrhoids at some time.
What causes Piles?
Too
much pressure on the veins in the pelvic and rectal area causes hemorrhoids.
Normally,
tissue inside the anus fills with blood to help control
bowel movements. If you strain to move stool, the increased pressure causes the
veins in this tissue to swell and stretch. This can cause hemorrhoids.
Diarrhea or constipation also may
lead to straining and can increase pressure on veins in the anal canal.
Pregnant women can get hemorrhoids
during the last 6 months of pregnancy. This is because of increased pressure on
the blood vessels in the pelvic area. Straining to push the baby out during
labor can make hemorrhoids worse.
Being
overweight can also lead to hemorrhoids.
What are the symptoms?
The
most common symptoms of both internal and external hemorrhoids include:
- Bleeding during bowel movements. You might see streaks of bright red blood on toilet paper after you strain to have a bowel movement.
- Itching.
- Rectal pain. It may be painful to clean the anal area.
Internal Piles
With
internal hemorrhoids, you may see bright red streaks of blood on toilet paper
or bright red blood in the toilet bowl after you have a normal bowel movement.
You may see blood on the surface of the stool.
Internal
hemorrhoids often are small, swollen veins in the wall of the anal canal. But
they can be large, sagging veins that bulge out of the anus all the time. They
can be painful if they bulge out and are squeezed by the anal muscles. They may
be very painful if the blood supply to the hemorrhoid is cut off. If
hemorrhoids bulge out, you also may see mucus on the toilet paper or stool.
External Piles
External
hemorrhoids can get irritated and clot under the skin, causing a hard
painful lump. This is called a thrombosed, or clotted, hemorrhoid.
How are Piles diagnosed?
Your
doctor can tell if you have hemorrhoids by asking about your past health and
doing a physical exam.
You
may not need many tests at first, especially if you are younger than 50 and
your doctor thinks that your rectal bleeding is
caused by hemorrhoids. Your doctor may just examine your rectum with
a gloved finger. Or your doctor may use a short, lighted scope to look inside
the rectum.
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